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Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo

Received: 13 February 2019     Accepted: 4 July 2019     Published: 10 February 2020
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Abstract

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major public health problem in Africa. The care is well codified in developed nations but the medical outcome and the technical platform remains a thorny challenge in African countries. It is responsible for a heavy handicap and a high mortality. The corpus callosum is an anatomical structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and control neuropsychological behavior. The objective was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hematomas located in the corpus callosum. Clinical presentation: The stuy was carried out in the neurlogical department of the big tertiary hospital of the country. The study had reported five cases of hematoma of the corpus callosum. That has represented 0.3% of hemorrhagic strokes in the service. The average age was 33.4 years old with four females. Clinical symptoms in the acute phase were dominated by speech disorders, intracranial hypertension and meningeal signs. In the subacute phase, all patients had neuropsychological symptoms. These disorders included aphasia, left tactile anomia, ideomotor and diagonostic apraxia, and mood and behavior disorders in two-third of cases. The brain scan was performed with an average delay of 6 days. In the cerebral scan, the posterior part of the corpus callosum was the initial seat of the hematomas observed in all cases. Cerebrovascular risk factors were high blood pressure in all cases and alcoholism in two cases. The factor of poor prognosis was the association with meningeal contamination. The evolution was favorable in all five cases. Conclusion: This work brings out that hematoma of the corpus callosum is rare but still a serious disease with a misleading semiology dominated by neuropsychological disorders. The early management is the best practice to preserve functional autonomy.

Published in Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13
Page(s) 11-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Brain Hematoma, Corpus Callosum, Neuropsychological Disorders, Africa

References
[1] Raybaud C. The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: Anatomy, development, and malformation. Neuroradiology. 2010; 52: 447–51.
[2] Knyazeva MG. Splenium of corpus callosum: Patterns of interhemispheric interaction in children and adults. Neural Plast 2013; 6: 39-43.
[3] Fenlon LR, Richards LJ. Contralateral targeting of the corpus callosum in normal and pathological brain function. Trends Neurosci. 2015; 38: 264–72.
[4] Tovar-Moll F, Monteiro M, Andrade J, Bramati IE, Vianna-Barbosa R, Marins T et al. Structural and functional brain rewiring clarifies preserved interhemispheric transfer in humans born without the corpus callosum. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2014; 111: 7843–8.
[5] In Hwan K, Lee S, Lee Ch-Y, Lee DG. Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Corpus Callosum Presenting as Callosal Disconnection Syndrome: FDG-PET and Tractography: A Case Report. Ann Rehabil Med 2014; 38 (6): 871-5.
[6] Funatsu N, Hayakawa M, Tokuda N, Toyoda K. Transient Prosopometamorphopsia Restricted to the Left Eye Caused by Ischemia at the Right Splenium of the Corpus Callosum. Intern Med 2017; 56: 2933-5.
[7] Nagaishi A, Narita T, Gondo Y, Nakane S, Fukudome T, Matsuo H. Left-sided metamorphopsia of the face and simple objects caused by an infarction at the right side of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Rinsho Shinkeigaku (Clin Neurol) 2015; 55: 465-71.
[8] Panciani PP, Roca E, Lodoli G, Fontanella MM, Maldini AE, Panciani PP et al. Sudden worsening after subdural haematoma surgery: will there be a corpus callosum injury? BMJ Case Rep 2014; 36: 2013-8.
[9] Gao X, Li B, Chu W, Sun X, Sun Ch. Alien hand syndrome following corpus callosum infarction: A case report and review of the literature. Experimental And Therapeutic Medicine 2016; 12: 2129-35.
[10] Pavesi G, Causin F, Feletti A. Cavernous Angioma of the Corpus Callosum Presenting with Acute Psychosis. Behavioural Neurology 2014; 2: 1-4.
[11] Li S, Sun X, Bai YM, Qin HM, Wu XM, Zhang X et al. Infarction of the corpus callosum: A retrospective clinical investigation. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0120409.
[12] Gomes D, Fonseca M, Garrotes M, Lima MR, Mendonça M, Pereira M et al. Callosum and Neglect Syndrome: Clinical Findings After Meningioma Removal and Anatomical Review. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2017; 8 (1): 101–6.
[13] Dragone A, Lasaponara S, Silvetti M, Macaluso E, Doricchi F. Selective reorienting response of the left hemisphere to invalid visual targets in the right side of space: Relevance for the spatial neglect syndrome. Cortex. 2015; 65: 31–5.
[14] Kim DS, Choi HJ, Yang JS, Cho YJ, Kang SH. Radiologic Determination of Corpus Callosum Injury in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Associated Clinical Characteristics. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 58 (2): 131-6.
[15] Ridley B, Beltramone M, Wirsich J, Le Troter A, Tramoni E, Aubert S et al. Alien hand, restless brain: Salience network and interhemispheric connectivity disruption parallel emergence and extinction of diagonistic dyspraxia. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016; 10: 307-11.
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    Komi Assogba, Michel Faustin Tassa-Kayem, Kossivi Martin Apetse, Damelan Kombate, Jean Joel Tajeuna Dongmo, et al. (2020). Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 4(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13

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    ACS Style

    Komi Assogba; Michel Faustin Tassa-Kayem; Kossivi Martin Apetse; Damelan Kombate; Jean Joel Tajeuna Dongmo, et al. Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2020, 4(1), 11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13

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    AMA Style

    Komi Assogba, Michel Faustin Tassa-Kayem, Kossivi Martin Apetse, Damelan Kombate, Jean Joel Tajeuna Dongmo, et al. Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2020;4(1):11-17. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13,
      author = {Komi Assogba and Michel Faustin Tassa-Kayem and Kossivi Martin Apetse and Damelan Kombate and Jean Joel Tajeuna Dongmo and Josué Euberma Diatewa and Komi Agbotsou and Abdullah Blakime and Veronique Afiwa Agbobli and Kolou Dassa and Koffi Agnon Ayélola Balogou},
      title = {Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo},
      journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {11-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20200401.13},
      abstract = {Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major public health problem in Africa. The care is well codified in developed nations but the medical outcome and the technical platform remains a thorny challenge in African countries. It is responsible for a heavy handicap and a high mortality. The corpus callosum is an anatomical structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and control neuropsychological behavior. The objective was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hematomas located in the corpus callosum. Clinical presentation: The stuy was carried out in the neurlogical department of the big tertiary hospital of the country. The study had reported five cases of hematoma of the corpus callosum. That has represented 0.3% of hemorrhagic strokes in the service. The average age was 33.4 years old with four females. Clinical symptoms in the acute phase were dominated by speech disorders, intracranial hypertension and meningeal signs. In the subacute phase, all patients had neuropsychological symptoms. These disorders included aphasia, left tactile anomia, ideomotor and diagonostic apraxia, and mood and behavior disorders in two-third of cases. The brain scan was performed with an average delay of 6 days. In the cerebral scan, the posterior part of the corpus callosum was the initial seat of the hematomas observed in all cases. Cerebrovascular risk factors were high blood pressure in all cases and alcoholism in two cases. The factor of poor prognosis was the association with meningeal contamination. The evolution was favorable in all five cases. Conclusion: This work brings out that hematoma of the corpus callosum is rare but still a serious disease with a misleading semiology dominated by neuropsychological disorders. The early management is the best practice to preserve functional autonomy.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Hemorrhagic Breakdown of the Cerebral Bridge: A Report of 5 Observations at Lomé Teaching Hospital, Togo
    AU  - Komi Assogba
    AU  - Michel Faustin Tassa-Kayem
    AU  - Kossivi Martin Apetse
    AU  - Damelan Kombate
    AU  - Jean Joel Tajeuna Dongmo
    AU  - Josué Euberma Diatewa
    AU  - Komi Agbotsou
    AU  - Abdullah Blakime
    AU  - Veronique Afiwa Agbobli
    AU  - Kolou Dassa
    AU  - Koffi Agnon Ayélola Balogou
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    JF  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
    JO  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20200401.13
    AB  - Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage is a major public health problem in Africa. The care is well codified in developed nations but the medical outcome and the technical platform remains a thorny challenge in African countries. It is responsible for a heavy handicap and a high mortality. The corpus callosum is an anatomical structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and control neuropsychological behavior. The objective was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hematomas located in the corpus callosum. Clinical presentation: The stuy was carried out in the neurlogical department of the big tertiary hospital of the country. The study had reported five cases of hematoma of the corpus callosum. That has represented 0.3% of hemorrhagic strokes in the service. The average age was 33.4 years old with four females. Clinical symptoms in the acute phase were dominated by speech disorders, intracranial hypertension and meningeal signs. In the subacute phase, all patients had neuropsychological symptoms. These disorders included aphasia, left tactile anomia, ideomotor and diagonostic apraxia, and mood and behavior disorders in two-third of cases. The brain scan was performed with an average delay of 6 days. In the cerebral scan, the posterior part of the corpus callosum was the initial seat of the hematomas observed in all cases. Cerebrovascular risk factors were high blood pressure in all cases and alcoholism in two cases. The factor of poor prognosis was the association with meningeal contamination. The evolution was favorable in all five cases. Conclusion: This work brings out that hematoma of the corpus callosum is rare but still a serious disease with a misleading semiology dominated by neuropsychological disorders. The early management is the best practice to preserve functional autonomy.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Pychology Unit, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Pychology Unit, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

  • Neurology Department, Campus University Teaching Hospital, University of Lomé, Lomé, Togo

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