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Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy

Received: 21 December 2014     Accepted: 27 December 2014     Published: 27 March 2015
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Abstract

This paper discusses the nature of reality on the bases of novel fundamental concepts arisen out of the Dynamic Universe theory and the period doubling mechanism presented in papers The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system by Tuomo Suntola [1], and On the Planck scale and properties of matter by Ari Lehto [2] in this issue. The Dynamic Universe model and the period doubling mechanism open a new perspective on the physical reality and the primary laws of nature. Such a reorientation challenges the bases of the existing theory structures. The fundamental change of paradigm stimulates a deep philosophical study of the basic assumptions and concepts. Antique metaphysics created great principles but met its limits with the lack of empiricism. The triumph of modern physics can be seen in our phenomenal technological progress but the main objective of a scientific theory – to make nature understandable – has not been met. A theory is not inherently correct or wrong but it describes chosen phenomena accurately or less accurately, widely in all circumstances or only in a limited sense. A theory may rely on philosophical ideas of the laws of nature, or it may discern the laws of nature via a mathematical description of observations. A comprehensive theory comprises clear philosophical bases with a minimal number of postulates, without compromising experimental evidence and testable predictions.

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 2, Issue 6-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Vacuum, Fundamental Arena of the Universe: Models, Applications and Perspectives

DOI 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16
Page(s) 46-56
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Laws of Nature, Force, Energy, Matter, Cosmology, Planck Scale

References
[1] T. Suntola, The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system, This issue
[2] A. Lehto, On the Planck scale and properties of matter, This issue
[3] A. Einstein, Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akad. d. Wissenschaften (1917)
[4] W. de Sitter, Do the galaxies expand with the universe?, B.A.N. 6, 223, p. 146 (1931)
[5] G. Leibniz, Essays in Dynamics, Part 1/20, http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/pdfs/leibniz1695b.pdf
[6] H. von Helmholtz, On the Conservation of Force, http://www.bartleby.com/30/125.html
[7] J. C. Maxwell, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic field (1865) http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Dynamical_Theory_of_the_Electromagnetic_Field
[8] H. Poincaré, Science and Hypothesis, http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37157/37157-pdf.pdf?session_id=61166c890bda322d8aef9a10199b48f4698a72f1, https://archive.org/stream/sciencehypothesi00poin#page/n5/mode/2up
[9] P-S. Laplace, Mécanique Céleste, http://www.archive.org/stream/mcaniquecles01laplrich
[10] W. Kaufmann, The Electromagnetic Mass of the Electron, Physikalische Zeitschrift, 4 (1b): 54-57 (1902) wikisource.org
[11] Vic Christianto and Florentin Smarandache, Thirty Unsolved Problems in the Physics of Elementary Particles, Progress in Physics, Volume 4, 112-114, October, 2007
[12] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
[13] W. G. Tifft, Redshift Quantization in the Cosmic Background Rest Frame, J. Astrophys. Astr. (1997)18,415–433
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Tuomo Suntola, Ari Lehto, Tarja Kallio-Tamminen, Heikki Sipilä. (2015). Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 2(6-1), 46-56. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16

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    ACS Style

    Tuomo Suntola; Ari Lehto; Tarja Kallio-Tamminen; Heikki Sipilä. Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2015, 2(6-1), 46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16

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    AMA Style

    Tuomo Suntola, Ari Lehto, Tarja Kallio-Tamminen, Heikki Sipilä. Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2015;2(6-1):46-56. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16,
      author = {Tuomo Suntola and Ari Lehto and Tarja Kallio-Tamminen and Heikki Sipilä},
      title = {Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy},
      journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6-1},
      pages = {46-56},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.s.2014020601.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.s.2014020601.16},
      abstract = {This paper discusses the nature of reality on the bases of novel fundamental concepts arisen out of the Dynamic Universe theory and the period doubling mechanism presented in papers The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system by Tuomo Suntola [1], and On the Planck scale and properties of matter by Ari Lehto [2] in this issue. The Dynamic Universe model and the period doubling mechanism open a new perspective on the physical reality and the primary laws of nature. Such a reorientation challenges the bases of the existing theory structures. The fundamental change of paradigm stimulates a deep philosophical study of the basic assumptions and concepts. Antique metaphysics created great principles but met its limits with the lack of empiricism. The triumph of modern physics can be seen in our phenomenal technological progress but the main objective of a scientific theory – to make nature understandable – has not been met. A theory is not inherently correct or wrong but it describes chosen phenomena accurately or less accurately, widely in all circumstances or only in a limited sense. A theory may rely on philosophical ideas of the laws of nature, or it may discern the laws of nature via a mathematical description of observations. A comprehensive theory comprises clear philosophical bases with a minimal number of postulates, without compromising experimental evidence and testable predictions.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    AU  - Ari Lehto
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    AB  - This paper discusses the nature of reality on the bases of novel fundamental concepts arisen out of the Dynamic Universe theory and the period doubling mechanism presented in papers The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system by Tuomo Suntola [1], and On the Planck scale and properties of matter by Ari Lehto [2] in this issue. The Dynamic Universe model and the period doubling mechanism open a new perspective on the physical reality and the primary laws of nature. Such a reorientation challenges the bases of the existing theory structures. The fundamental change of paradigm stimulates a deep philosophical study of the basic assumptions and concepts. Antique metaphysics created great principles but met its limits with the lack of empiricism. The triumph of modern physics can be seen in our phenomenal technological progress but the main objective of a scientific theory – to make nature understandable – has not been met. A theory is not inherently correct or wrong but it describes chosen phenomena accurately or less accurately, widely in all circumstances or only in a limited sense. A theory may rely on philosophical ideas of the laws of nature, or it may discern the laws of nature via a mathematical description of observations. A comprehensive theory comprises clear philosophical bases with a minimal number of postulates, without compromising experimental evidence and testable predictions.
    VL  - 2
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Author Information
  • Physics Foundations Society, Espoo, Finland

  • Physics Foundations Society, Espoo, Finland

  • Physics Foundations Society, Espoo, Finland

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