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Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review

Received: 7 February 2017     Accepted: 30 March 2017     Published: 18 May 2017
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Abstract

Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon. We present here a literature review of this pathology. It was originally described by Edwin Bickerstaff and Philip Cloake in 1951. The terms Rhombencephalitis and trunk encephalitis are interchangeable. It is a rare disease but potentially serious. The symptomatology is characterized, in some cases, by fever and alteration of consciousness, but also headache, nausea and vomiting sometimes. An involvement of the cranial nerves in the majority of the cases and or affected of the long ways. Paraclinically, cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral imaging can be normal in paraneoplastic causes or, on the other hand, be pathological in infectio-inflammatory causes. The etiologies are mainly distinguished in infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic pathologies. Treatment should be etiological by anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals, etc.) targeting curable germs such as listeria, mycobacterium tuberculosis or herpes, and/or symptomatic by corticosteroid or immunoglobulin IV. Rhombencephalitis is a rare nosological entity but is subject to severe neurological sequelae with a high mortality rate.

Published in Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15
Page(s) 47-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rhombencephalitis, Etiologies, Diagnosis, Management

References
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[2] Alvaro Gimenez-Munoz, MD, PhD, Isabel Campello, PhD, Jose M. Perez Trullen, PhD, Jorge Alfaro, PhD, Sara Sanchez Valiente, PhD, and Pilar Sanz Moncasi, PhD. Rhombencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes. The Neurologist 2015; 20: 97–100.
[3] Andrea Rossi, Carola Martinetti,Giovanni Morana, Mariasavina Severino, Domenico Tortora. Neuroimaging of Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Pediatric Cerebellum and Brainstem. Neuroimag Clin N Am 26 (2016) 471–487.
[4] Burk Jubelt, Cornelia Mihai, Terrence M. Li, Padma Veerapaneni. Rhombencephalitis/ Brainstem Encephalitis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep (2011) 11:543–552.
[5] C. Brault, C. Gourguechon, C. Gouraud, V. Salle, P. Duhaut. Une rhombencéphalite post-infectieuse. La Revue de médecine interne 35S (2014) A86–A200.
[6] CNRS Expérimentation Animale. Listériose [en ligne]. Disponible sur: http://ethique.ipbs.fr/listeriose.pdf (consulté le 30/05/2014).
[7] Dimitri Renard, Giovanni Castelnovo, Camille Bories, Cecile Rieux, Cindy Bernard-Decot. Paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis and cerebellitis preceded by isolated intractable vomiting. Acta Neurol Belg. 2016.
[8] E. Honnorat, T. De Broucker, A. Mailles, J. P. Stahl, le comité de pilotage et groupe des investigateurs. Encephalitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in France. Médecine et maladies infectieuses 43 (2013) 230–238.
[9] G. Grézis, F. Tamion, B. Lamia, C. Girault, T. Delangre, G. Bonmarchand. Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis. La revue de médecine interne 26 (2005) 748–750.
[10] H En-Nouali, A Akhaddar, T Salahedine, J Elfenni, J Mounach, T Amil, S Chaouir, A Hanine, M Benameur, M Mahi. Rhombencéphalite listérienne. Aspects IRM, J Radiol. 2009, 90: 236-8.
[11] Khalil G. Ghanem, M. D. Listeria monocytogenes. Zambia HIV National Guidelines. 02-13-2008.
[12] Líllian Gonçalves Campos, Régis Augusto Reis Trindade, Ângela Faistauer, Juliano Adams Pérez, Leonardo Modesti Vedolin, and Juliana Ávila Duarte. Rhombencephalitis: pictorial essay. Radiol Bras. 2016; 49(5): 329–336.
[13] Marler Clark Network (2014) The Foodborne Illness Outbreak Database. Available at: http://outbreakdatabase.com/search/?organism=Listeria+monocytogenes (accessed 10 September 2014).
[14] Mireia Moragas, MD, Sergio Martinez-Yelamos, MD, Carles Majos, MD, Pedro Ferna´ndez-Viladrich, MD, Francisco Rubio, MD, and Txomin Arbizu, MD. Rhombencephalitis, A Series of 97 Patients. Medicine 2011; 90: 256Y261.
[15] Pakize Ö. Yılmaz, Nevzat M. Mutlu, Ahmet Sertc¸elik, Aliye Bastug, Cihangir Dogu, Sümeyye Kıslak. Linezolid and dexamethasone experience in a serious case of listeria rhombencephalitis. Journal of Infection and Public Health (2016) 9, 670—674.
[16] Rajesh Verma, Kavita Bharti, Mannan Mehta, Amrit Bansod. Rhombencephalitis associated with Dengue fever. Journal of Clinical Virology 78 (2016) 99–101.
[17] Renato H. Orsi & Martin Wiedmann. Characteristics and distribution of Listeria spp., including Listeria species newly described since 2009. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2016) 100:5273–5287.
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    Ibrahima Mariam Diallo, Soumaila Boubacar, Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré, Ousmane Cissé, Japhari Nyassindé, et al. (2017). Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 1(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15

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    ACS Style

    Ibrahima Mariam Diallo; Soumaila Boubacar; Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré; Ousmane Cissé; Japhari Nyassindé, et al. Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2017, 1(2), 47-51. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15

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    AMA Style

    Ibrahima Mariam Diallo, Soumaila Boubacar, Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré, Ousmane Cissé, Japhari Nyassindé, et al. Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2017;1(2):47-51. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15,
      author = {Ibrahima Mariam Diallo and Soumaila Boubacar and Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré and Ousmane Cissé and Japhari Nyassindé and Marie Emilie Yandé Ndong and Mame Maïmouna Diaw Santos and Abou Gueye and Anna Modji Basse and Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow and Marième Soda Diop and Lala Bouna Seck and Kamador Touré and Moustapha Ndiaye and Amadou Gallo Diop and Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye},
      title = {Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review},
      journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {47-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20170102.15},
      abstract = {Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon. We present here a literature review of this pathology. It was originally described by Edwin Bickerstaff and Philip Cloake in 1951. The terms Rhombencephalitis and trunk encephalitis are interchangeable. It is a rare disease but potentially serious. The symptomatology is characterized, in some cases, by fever and alteration of consciousness, but also headache, nausea and vomiting sometimes. An involvement of the cranial nerves in the majority of the cases and or affected of the long ways. Paraclinically, cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral imaging can be normal in paraneoplastic causes or, on the other hand, be pathological in infectio-inflammatory causes. The etiologies are mainly distinguished in infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic pathologies. Treatment should be etiological by anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals, etc.) targeting curable germs such as listeria, mycobacterium tuberculosis or herpes, and/or symptomatic by corticosteroid or immunoglobulin IV. Rhombencephalitis is a rare nosological entity but is subject to severe neurological sequelae with a high mortality rate.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review
    AU  - Ibrahima Mariam Diallo
    AU  - Soumaila Boubacar
    AU  - Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré
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    AU  - Marie Emilie Yandé Ndong
    AU  - Mame Maïmouna Diaw Santos
    AU  - Abou Gueye
    AU  - Anna Modji Basse
    AU  - Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow
    AU  - Marième Soda Diop
    AU  - Lala Bouna Seck
    AU  - Kamador Touré
    AU  - Moustapha Ndiaye
    AU  - Amadou Gallo Diop
    AU  - Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15
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    JF  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
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    AB  - Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon. We present here a literature review of this pathology. It was originally described by Edwin Bickerstaff and Philip Cloake in 1951. The terms Rhombencephalitis and trunk encephalitis are interchangeable. It is a rare disease but potentially serious. The symptomatology is characterized, in some cases, by fever and alteration of consciousness, but also headache, nausea and vomiting sometimes. An involvement of the cranial nerves in the majority of the cases and or affected of the long ways. Paraclinically, cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral imaging can be normal in paraneoplastic causes or, on the other hand, be pathological in infectio-inflammatory causes. The etiologies are mainly distinguished in infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic pathologies. Treatment should be etiological by anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals, etc.) targeting curable germs such as listeria, mycobacterium tuberculosis or herpes, and/or symptomatic by corticosteroid or immunoglobulin IV. Rhombencephalitis is a rare nosological entity but is subject to severe neurological sequelae with a high mortality rate.
    VL  - 1
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Author Information
  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

  • Department of Neurology, Fann National Teaching Hospital, Dakar, Senegal

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